Iran's attacks on Amazon data centers in UAE, Bahrain signal a new kind of war

You confused AWS with Amazon distribution and warehouses, and you are doubling down ? Likely or not, much of the world's infrastructure runs on or through AWS data centers. Attacks like this can cause significant disruption.

AWS is also running government, military, medical, university etc systems. Banking.

I guess I am splitting hairs but "spare capacity" heavily implies it's a non physical resource or it's able to be used in an instant. Almost like how if you had a global based missile system like a GBI (or not quite global but long range like a THAAD) you could near instantly have someone "bid" to use your missiles in an emergency scenario. Building short range interceptors and selling them or renting them is closer to the model of AWS itself, building a knowledge base hosting your own platform (Amazon.com retail) and then selling that knowledge to others. In this case building anti missile systems to protect data centers and then selling a packaged model to other companies. But it's not "spare capacity", it's selling expertise and helping to fund your own R&D.

>electronic countermeasures could plausibly become much more widespread.

don't forget the amount of power available in the datacenter. You can easily redirect say just mere megawatts to electronic countermeasures (would shut everything around down) or microwave and laser weapons. That for example is just 60KWt https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvQV7Mt02q4

I don't think it happens quite that distinctly in the world we live in now (technology, etc.). It's not like a big tech company can go attain the same direct power as the East India company way back in the day. It's much more likely that companies continue to gain lobbying and "soft" power that directs the military into doing things. Large corps do have more money than many countries, so if a huge company wants to setup manufacturing or gain benefits in a smaller country they do have outsized power, but its rare that a huge company has more power than their own country from what I know (potentially oil companies are the exception which is why national oil companies seem to have so much weight in so many countries). For example sure the big tech companies are very powerful, but the US military budget per year is still nearly the same size as the largest tech companies market cap. Whereas you are right that a US big tech company has more revenue than say...Guatemala, or Morocco.